{"id":383,"date":"2021-03-03T10:31:02","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T10:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/?p=383"},"modified":"2021-03-03T10:47:36","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T10:47:36","slug":"%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%b8%b8%e6%88%8f%e6%88%90%e7%98%be-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9%e9%9d%92%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e6%b8%b8%e6%88%8f%e6%88%90%e7%98%be%e6%82%a3%e8%80%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%b8%b8%e6%88%8f%e6%88%90%e7%98%be-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9%e9%9d%92%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e6%b8%b8%e6%88%8f%e6%88%90%e7%98%be%e6%82%a3%e8%80%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e -\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u60a3\u8005"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/Ws2VjHsmbGduPmtg.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption>Video Game Addiction Symptoms. (2019, June 9). <em>Destinations<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-huge-font-size\">\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u4e48\u95eeL\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6210\u763e\u6027\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u5f15\u5bfc\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u89c4\u5f8b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u665a\u7761\u665a\u8d77\u7684\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d \u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u804c\u4e1a\u73a9\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u662f\u5426\u8981\u628a\u6e38\u620f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6027\u683c\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u88ab\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f1a\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u52a0\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684L\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u6211\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662fguardians\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u9f84\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u6211\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9L\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728B\u7ad9\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52df\u6350\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u6837\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7aa5\u89c1\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9700\u6c42\u9003\u907f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-huge-font-size\">                                             \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6309\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8d8a\u6765\u6708\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5f53\u4eca\u5bf9\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u8131\u4e0d\u5f00\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u602a\u5708\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u8fb9\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u4e3a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u803d\u8bef\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u8bc9\u82e6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u603b\u662f\u73a9\u624b\u673a\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u95e8\u793e\u4ea4\u3002\u6839\u636e2016\u5e74\u592e\u5e7f\u7f51\u8bb0\u8005\u674e\u8c26\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7f51\u763e\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8d85\u8fc72400\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ba1\u5236\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u57282020\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u5ea6\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e2019\u5e7410\u670815\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6c89\u8ff7\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u624b\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u957f\u8f88\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u5360\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u957f\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5f80\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u6210\u763e\u6212\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u95f9\u51fa\u4e86\u6768\u6c38\u4fe1\u201d\u7535\u51fb\u201c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b11\u8bdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u201d\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u803d\u8bef\u5b66\u4e60\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u63a2\u6708\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5468\u906d\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u53cb\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u4e89\u593a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6765\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6e38\u620f\u5438\u5f15\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eceL\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5f53\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8131\u79bb\u56f0\u5883\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bc4\u5e0c\u4e8e\u524d\u8ff0\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u8981\u611f\u8c22L\u540c\u5b66\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fd9\u6837\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u518d\u540c\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u9e23\u8c22L\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u52a9\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63e3\u6d4b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a(Addictive Behavior)\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e(Game Addicted)\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u601d\u610f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u601d\u8003\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u753b\u50cf\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/5vKEEBXVCADCxN0J.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption>Tom Stokler, <em>No matter the drug, Addiction Treatment is family Affair<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00b7 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u6210\u763e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a\u201d<em>\u6210\u763e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a(Biopsychosocial)\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4e0d\u987e\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d4c\u535a\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a<\/em>\u201c \u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u662f\u548c\u836f\u7269\u6210\u763e\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u763e\u6027\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u8d4c\u535a\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u836f\u7269\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6839\u636e2013\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c \u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u300b\uff08DSM-5)\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e&#8221;<em>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u7814\u7a76 (Condition for further Study)<\/em>&#8220;\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u672c\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u73b0\u5728\u7b97\u4f5c\u201d\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72b6\u201c\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728DSM-5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u763e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u60a3\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"\">\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6c89\u8ff7\u8005\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53bb\u60f3\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c40\u6e38\u620f\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u7684\u6e38\u620f<\/li><li class=\"\">\u5f53\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6212\u65ad\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6613\u6012\uff0c\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60c5\u7eea\u4f4e\u843d<\/li><li class=\"\">\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a<\/li><li class=\"\">\u5931\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u5916\u7231\u597d\u7684\u5174\u8da3<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6b3a\u9a97\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4<\/li><li class=\"\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u9003\u907f\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea<\/li><li class=\"\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u5371\u53ca\u5230\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\uff09\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>DSM\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u5360\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u4e0a\u4e00\u628a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u9677\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8010\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6(Tolerance)\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002&#8221;Tolerance&#8221;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u836f\u7269\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6211\u670d\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u5242\u91cf\u800c\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u201d\u5feb\u611f\u201c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u670d\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u201d\u968f\u7740\u6211\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d62\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u6216\u8005\u6311\u6218\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u201d\u800c\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u73a9\u5bb6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5c31\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6108\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u8131\u8eab\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6362\u53d6\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u5f53\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6253\u6270\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u626b\u5174\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u7684\u6210\u763e\u5982\u679c\u5360\u7528\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u6240\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u803d\u8bef\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u793e\u4ea4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/DSzfGz7AkUZkU3Ar.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8220;From Player 1 to Patient Zero: Is Video Game Addiction Real?&#8221;<\/em> Behavior Health, Alvernia University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u803d\u8bef\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u73a98\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5c31\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u82b1\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u4e3b\u64ad\u6216\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a8\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u559c\u6b22\u91cc\u9762\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728DSM-5\u4e2d\u8bca\u65ad\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u803d\u8bef\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\u201c \u4ee5\u53ca \u201d\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u968f\u65f6\u653e\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1f\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201d\u5426\u201c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6e38\u620f\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u754c\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00b7 \u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u5361\uff0c\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aboss\uff0c\u5f00\u5b9d\u7bb1\u51fa\u4e86\u4f20\u5947\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u540e\u6536\u83b7\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u90fd\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u8d8a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6109\u5feb\u548c\u5174\u594b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u786e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28(Neurotransmitter)\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u8dd1\u817f\u9001\u4fe1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u76f8\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u68a2(Axon terminal)\u5c31\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9699(Synaptic gap)\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u672b\u68a2(Receptor)\u6240\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5f53\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u672b\u68a2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a\u518d\u6444\u53d6(Reuptake)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/4eDJSl4vawd6kdQF.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u672c\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5e76\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u53ea\u6709\u8ba9\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u90fd\u548c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u662f\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u5f53\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u4e5f\u770b\u505a\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5173\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7740\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5956\u52b1\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5c31\u5728\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff1a\u201d\u5bf9\u5bf9\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff01\u201c \u7136\u540e\u4f60\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u89d2\u8272\u6740\u6b7b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u5361\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u8282\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u8282\u8bfe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7136\u540e\u62ff\u5230\u8001\u5e08\uff08\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u7ea2\u82b1\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u53ef\u80fd\u85cf\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6362\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9\u4f60\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u8ba9\u4f60\u5b66\u4f1a\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u770b\u770b\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5c0f\u767d\u9f20\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 <strong>\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7684\u7bb1\u5b50(Skinner&#8217;s Box)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u6700\u5408\u9002\u4e5f\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66fe\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u6e29\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u7bb1(Operant Conditioning Chamber\u518d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9 <em>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u7bb1 Operant Conditioning Chamer <\/em>\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0cB. F. \u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u6765\u81ea\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6851\u4ee3\u514b(Edward Thordike)1905\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u732b\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\u628a\u4e00\u53ea\u732b\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u7f6e\u6709\u673a\u5173\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u590d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u732b\u9003\u51fa\u7b3c\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u5b66\u4e60\u9003\u51fa\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u76d2\u5b50\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u673a\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u732b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u8bd5\u9519\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9003\u51fa\u7b3c\u5b50\u300250\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u5c31\u6b64\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7075\u611f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u7684\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u3002\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0(Stimulus) \u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/aXolZsMnI0RKppRu.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"220\" \/><figcaption>Classical Skinner Box experiment II. MATERIALS AND METHODS, ResearchGate<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e2d\u88c5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u62c9\u6746\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6295\u98df\u5668\u3002\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u542c\u89c9\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u76cf\u5c0f\u706f\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u97f3\u7684\u64ad\u653e\u5668\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7bb1\u5b50\u7684\u5e95\u677f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u7535\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u62c9\u4e0b\u7bb1\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u62c9\u6746\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u5c31\u4f1a\u987a\u7740\u6295\u98df\u5668\u6295\u51fa\u3002\u5373\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u5956\u52b1\u201d\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u62c9\u4e0b\u62c9\u6746\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u98df\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/tlIkpfeLWuBc9Mhn.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"214\" \/><figcaption>\u5956\u52b1\u56de\u8def<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u62c9\u6746\u548c\u7bb1\u5b50\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u7535\u8def\u63a5\u901a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u4e0d\u53bb\u62c9\u4e0b\u62c9\u6746\uff0c\u7535\u6805\u680f\u5c31\u4f1a\u7535\u673a\u8001\u9f20\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u62c9\u4e0b\u62c9\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/AR2vFAkRkhCamKvS.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\" height=\"165\" \/><figcaption>\u60e9\u7f5a\u56de\u8def<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u5f88\u997f\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u88ab\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u62c9\u62c9\u6746\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u6389\u843d\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6389\u843d\u98df\u7269\u7684\u9891\u7387\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u6389\u843d\u4e00\u6b21\u98df\u7269\u3002\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u62c9\u62c9\u6746\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u62c9\u4e00\u6b21\u62c9\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/WgOiJx8KhKu7q7VJ.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"162\" height=\"189\" \/><figcaption>\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u56de\u8def<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u4e0b\u62c9\u6746\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u535a\u5f69\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u62c9\u4e0b\u62c9\u6746\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u6389\u843d\u98df\u7269\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u62c9\u62c9\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/1utWyKXvxLtkc8E0.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"160\" \/><figcaption>\u6982\u7387\u56de\u8def<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u59a8\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u5f00\u5b9d\u7bb1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5e26\u7740\u4ee4\u4eba\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u6548\u548c\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff1a<em>\u4f60\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u5b9d\u7bb1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8d8a\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9d\u7bb1\u4f1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/4clC9tpTp7goMoYL.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"562\" height=\"314\" \/><figcaption>Madeline England,<em> &#8220;How to get Legendary Loot Box in Overwatch&#8221;<\/em>, DBLTAP<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b21\u6740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\u5c31\u4f1a\u6389\u843d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9d\u7bb1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u80fd\u5728\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u5b66\u4f1a\u6740\u602a\u7269\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6740\u602a\u7269\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u6362\u6765\u4e86\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u98df\u7269\u8fd8\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8111\u4e2d\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5728\u524d\u9762\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6e38\u620f\u8005\u4e4b\u4e8e\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u80fd\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u73a9\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u6740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\u5c31\u6389\u843d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9d\u7bb1\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u592a\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\uff1f\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u4e00\u76f4\u5403\u98df\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5403\u9971\uff0c\u5403\u6491\u4e86\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u62c9\u62c9\u6746\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u62ff\u5230\u5b9d\u7bb1\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u628a\u73a9\u5bb6\u7559\u4f4f\u3002\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9d\u7bb1\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u534a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u5b9d\u7bb1\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u534a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5f53\u4e2d\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u5f00\u5b9d\u7bb1\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4f60\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u53bb\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u534a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8fd8\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u5b9d\u7bb1\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u5e38\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6740\u602a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u51e0\u7387\u6389\u843d\u5b9d\u7bb1\uff0c\u5b9d\u7bb1\u6709\u5927\u6982\u7387\u5f00\u51fa\u666e\u901a\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u80fd\u5f00\u51fa\u7a00\u6709\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u6982\u7387\u66b4\u51fb\u7b49\u7b49&#8230; \u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u201d\u9732\u51fa\u9a6c\u811a\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u4f1a\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u85cf\u597d\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8d8a\u73a9\u8d8a\u96be\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201c\u65e0\u804a\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u201c\u592a\u65e0\u654c\u800c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u624b\u201d\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5339\u914d\u5230\u548c\u4f60\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u642d\u914d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u7bb1\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u4f60\u5b66\u4f1a\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u6210\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00b7 \u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4(Opponent Process Theory) &#8211; \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u96be\u53d7\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4ece\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u6536\u83b7\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u4e16\u754c\u624d\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u5982\u540c\u501f\u9152\u6d47\u6101\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u653e\u677e\uff0c\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u5219\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u7126\u8651\u548c\u5fe7\u90c1\u3002\u201d\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e<em>health line<\/em>\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6807\u9898\u4e3a&#8221;Opponent Process Theory&#8221;\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(Biopsychology)\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u70c8\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u4e8e\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u989c\u8272\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6765\u4e2d\u548c\u3002 &#8220;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u56db\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u989c\u8272\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff1a\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u548c\u7eff\u8272\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff1a\u84dd\u8272\u5bf9\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u5bf9\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u767d\u8272\u5bf9\u9ed1\u8272\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u60b2\u4f24\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6291\u90c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u5f53\u4f60\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u5f53\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc3\u60c5\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5dee\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5931\u843d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4ea6\u6216\u8005\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u706b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7a81\u7136\u7279\u522b\u60f3\u7b11\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u60c5\u7eea\u5c42\u9762\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u4e2d\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/5KTxAot58DltSvVA.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><em>Slide Player<\/em>, &#8220;Chapter 13 Emotion Phineas gage theories of emotion.&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6765\u81eaSlide Player\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u8981\u60c5\u7eea(Primary Emotion)\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6(\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u60c5\u7eea(Opponent Emotion)(\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5)\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u7eea(Experienced Emotion)\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u5bf9\u7acb\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u53e0\u52a0(\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u60c5\u7eea\u6d88\u5931\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u6ede\u7559\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6ede\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a: \u7eff\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u5373\u6781\u5ea6\u5174\u594b\u540e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e38\u620f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6536\u83b7\u5927\u91cf\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5174\u594b\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u60c5\u7eea\u4f1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u540e\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60b2\u4f24\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c31\u6536\u83b7\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u6fc0\u52a8\u53c8\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u602a\u4e0d\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u9ad8\u5174\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4e00\u65e6\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u90c1\u90c1\u5be1\u6b22\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u7740\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e38\u620f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5728\u5e73\u65f6\u4f1a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90c1\u90c1\u5be1\u6b22\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u7ed3\u5408DSM-5\u4e2d\u6240\u7f57\u5217\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u6765\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u753b\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"\">\u6839\u636e\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u6536\u83b7\u5feb\u611f\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9677\u5165\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6240\u6d88\u78e8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u653e\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\u53bb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4f1a\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5fc3\u60c5\u4f4e\u843d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u7126\u8651\u6216\u8005\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u56de\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u518d\u7ed3\u5408DSM-5\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u4e5f\u5c31\u6108\u53d1\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u542c\u542c&#8221;L&#8221;\u540c\u5b66\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;L&#8221; \u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u8bfb\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u542c\u95fb\u4e86L\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u90fd\u4f38\u51fa\u4e86\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u8f68\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e78\u80fd\u591f\u91c7\u8bbfL\u6765\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u62d9\u89c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9L\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5927\u6982\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e00\u6240\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u521b\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8981\u6bd4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u6821\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u7fa1\u6155L\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\u4e86\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684L\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u548c\u4e0a\u8fdb\uff0c\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u5fc3\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6821\u5185\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u4e8c\u6700\u95ea\u8000\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\uff0cL\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u65e5\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u80fd\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u4e5f\u5883\u51b5\u6108\u4e0b\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ed6\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8d77\u8272\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u7a81\u7136\u624d\u7559\u610f\u5230L\u597d\u50cf\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u5947\u4ed6\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f53\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5e76\u975e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u540e\u6982\u62ec\u91cd\u73b0\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q:\u201c \u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u5438\u5f15\u4f60\u7684\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong>\u201c(L\u73a9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u53eb\u505aCS: GO\u7684\u5c04\u51fb\u6e38\u620f) \u5c04\u51fb\u6e38\u620f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u6b3e\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7ade\u6280\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u975e\u5e38\u6109\u5feb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q\uff1a\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u6e38\u620f\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong>\u201c\u6bd4\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u6211\u4f1a\u6253\u51fa\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4f1a\u56de\u60f3\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u5c40\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6211\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u559d\u4e86\u53ef\u53e3\u7684\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u518d\u559d\u4e00\u676f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u6211\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6d88\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u5fd8\u6389\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u5230\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u7f6a\u611f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7126\u8651\u3002\u4e00\u4e0d\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5c31\u90fd\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q\uff1a\u201d\u90a3\u4f60\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d8\u597d\uff1f\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a\u201d<\/strong>\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c \u6211\u5c31\u628a\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4f5c\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u5df1\u60c5\u7eea\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u6ca1\u628a\u8fd9\u4e8b\u770b\u7684\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8d8a\u5f80\u540e\u6211\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9003\u907f\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q\uff1a\u201d\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u5929\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u4f60\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A\uff1a<\/strong>\u201d\u6211\u65e9\u4e0a\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u5047\u671f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u665a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6d17\u6f31\u4e4b\u540e\u5403\u5b8c\u65e9\u996d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u625310\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5403\u996d\u4e4b\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5f88\u665a\u624d\u7761\u89c9\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u91c7\u8bbfL\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u548c\u4e0a\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898L\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5c31\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u770b\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u91cd\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6210\u763e\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7adf\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u6210\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 \u662f\u8c01\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86L\uff1f\u5e03\u6717\u82ac\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b(Bronfenbrenner&#8217;s Ecological System)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aL\u540c\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u6bcf\u5929\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u60a3\u8005\u90fd\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5708\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5708\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u5185\u73a9\u5bb6\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5916\uff0cL\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u90fd\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5f71\u54cdL\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5230\u5e95\u53c8\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u503c\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5462\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e03\u6d1b\u82ac\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3(1974)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f53\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u7684\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u9047\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf(Ecological System)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e03\u6d1b\u82ac\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6210\u957f\u4e2d\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e03\u6d1b\u82ac\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba(Ecological System Theory)\u201d\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/iIY31AqUaaeKYzdA.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"445\" height=\"451\" \/><figcaption>Olivia Guys Evans. (2020, November 9). Simply Psychology. Bronfenbrenner&#8217;s Ecological System Theory.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"\"><strong>\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf(Microsystem)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u56fe\u4e2d\u6a58\u8272\u7684\u5708\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6a58\u8272\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6070\u6070\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u5c0f\u7403\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b69\u5b50\u5411\u5916\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5f53\u4e2d\u6240\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u597d\u53cb\uff0c\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\u79bb\u5b69\u5b50\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5b69\u5b50\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4eec\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u548c\u5929\u751f\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u7740\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7167\u987e\u548c\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u8005\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5219\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728L\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u6216\u8005\u542cL\u63d0\u8d77\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4L\u53ea\u53d7\u5230\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u7167\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662fL\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f88\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u6148\u6bcd\u5e73\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u7ba1\u7406L\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3aL\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7ed9\u4e86\u5e74\u8f7b\u53db\u9006\u7684L\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679cL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4e0dhi\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86L\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800cL\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u89e6\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u4e5f\u5728\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6e38\u620f\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u540c\u4f34\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002L\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b75\u5316\u7f51\u763e\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6e29\u5ba4\uff0cL\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6765\u514b\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u9677\u5165\u5230\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li class=\"\"><strong>\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf(Mesosystem)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7740\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u540c\u5b66\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0cL\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3aL\u6240\u5904\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aL\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u4e3aL\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u8a00\u8bf4\uff0cL\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86L\u540e\u6765\u80fd\u591f\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li class=\"\"><strong>\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf(Exosystem)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u540c\u6837\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u7b49\u7b49\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f6c\u9012\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5982\u679c\u7236\u4eb2\u628a\u5916\u90e8\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u6028\u6c14\u5e26\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695aL\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u6837\u5b50\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u73a9\u5bb6\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86L\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li class=\"\"><strong>\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf(Macrosystem)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u6cdb\u6307\u66f4\u5927\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u7684L\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14L\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u975e\u5e38\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662fL\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9274\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0cL\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cL\u7684\u6240\u5904\u5728\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\"><li class=\"\"><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf(Chronosystem)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6cdb\u6307\u4e00\u5207\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u4eba\u751f\u5f53\u4e2d\u56e0\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e0\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u539f\u56e0\u5fc5\u987b\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u521d\u4e2d\u5347\u5230\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u751f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u75ab\u60c5\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002L\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5446\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8db3\u4e0d\u51fa\u6237\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u867d\u7136\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u82b1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u82b1\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u4e2a\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d23\u602a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u90fd\u5728\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f60\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u56de\u5230L\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0cL\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9L\u5341\u5206\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u5229\u6709\u5f0a\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba9L\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 L\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u7684\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u91c7\u8bbfL\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u6211\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148L\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u6001\u56e0\u7d20\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u6fc0\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002L\u63cf\u8ff0\u5230\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u542f\u53d1\u4e00\u822c\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cL\u8bf4\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8981\u53d8\u597d\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u597d\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cL\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u56fa\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u80a1\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5728L\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u5728B\u7ad9\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u52df\u6350\u7684\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u6837\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u8270\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6323\u624e\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4eff\u4f5b\u8ba9\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0f\u5b69\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u5c31\u662f\u79bb\u5f00\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4L\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5982\u6b64\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5228\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6765\u7531\u3002\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u62c9\u51fa\u6765\u8bb2\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 \u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636eSimplyPsychology\u4e0a\u7531Saul McLeod\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a&#8221;\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d (Maslow&#8217;s Hierarchy of Needs)\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7(McLeod)\u7b80\u8ff0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u751f\u7406(Physiological)\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6c34\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u547c\u5438\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8863\u7269\u6765\u4fdd\u6696\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6fd2\u4e34\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u751f\u7406(Physiological)\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6c34\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u547c\u5438\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8863\u7269\u6765\u4fdd\u6696\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6fd2\u4e34\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6218\u4e71\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7d0a\u4e71\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6e34\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u6050\u60e7\u201d (McLeod, 2018, p.2)<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u548c\u76f8\u7231\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u6e34\u671b\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u548c\u7167\u6599\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u6bb5\u7231\u60c5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6559\u6750\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u3002<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u662f\u81ea\u5c0a\/\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u522b\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u83b7\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c42\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u76c8\uff0c\u671f\u76fc\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bfb\u6c42\u5dc5\u5cf0\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002<\/li><li>\u7b2c\u516d\u5c42\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e86\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/bGLuGAqYKFYPL3ri.png!thumbnail\" alt=\"\" width=\"361\" height=\"395\" \/><figcaption>Matthew McAdams. (2011). Myers&#8217; Psychology Second Edition for AP<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u9ea6\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6210\u957f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u524d\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9700\u6c42(Deficiency Needs)\u3002\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6210\u957f\u9700\u6c42(Being Needs)\u3002&#8221; \uff08McLeod, 2018, p.2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u56db\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6210\u957f\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u5c42\u7ea7\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6211\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42-\u81ea\u5c0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d62\u4e0b\u4e00\u76d8\u7d27\u5f20\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u73a9\u5bb6\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u81ea\u5c0a\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u73a9\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u73a9\u5bb6\u6240\u5c0a\u656c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5708\u5b50\u5185\uff0c\u5f3a\u8005\u5c31\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u81ea\u5c0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u7b2c\u56db\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5148\u8fbe\u6210\u524d\u4e09\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u517b\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u4e24\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u5c31\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u8fc8\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u574e\u3002\u7f51\u763e\u5c11\u5e74\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u62bd\u4e0d\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u8c08\u604b\u7231\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u597d\u53cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u4e0d\u6e34\u671b\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5929\u5929\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u201d\u6b7b\u5b85\u201c\uff0c\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u5b85\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002\u800c\u6b7b\u5b85\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u529e\u548c\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u6170\u85c9\u7684\u62b1\u6795\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u201d\u8df3\u7ea7\u201c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u5173\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5230L\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u201d\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u201c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u662f\u6307\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u957f\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fde\u8df3\u4e24\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e00\u65e6\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u653b\u800c\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u5403\u996d\u663e\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u5728\u610f\u5403\u996d\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u663e\u7136\u8981\u6bd4\u5403\u996d\u6709\u610f\u601d\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0cL\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5982\u4f55\u6cbb\u7597\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u613f\u666f\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u624b\u673a\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u4e25\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u60f3\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5fc5\u8981\u5347\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u653e\u517b\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5f97\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u771f\u5fc3\u8bda\u610f\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5766\u767d\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e5f\u80fd\u7b97\u534a\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053L\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5199\u5b8c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u6211\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5174\u8bb8\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5c31\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5927\u4ef7\u94b1\u53bb\u8bf7\u5fc3\u7406\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u8a00\u4e24\u8bed\u7684\u529d\u529d\u201c\u4ed6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5fc5\u592a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b7 \u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5 (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53d7\u5230L\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u60a3\u8005\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u626d\u66f2\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u6539\u5584\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201cCBT\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u524d\u9a71\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u201d(Wikipedia, 2021) \u65af\u591a\u845b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u6452\u5f03\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u6784\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u800c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u6837\u5960\u57fa\u4e86CBT\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4e24\u4f4d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bba\u8005\uff0cJohn B. Watson\u4ee5\u53ca Rosalie Rayner\uff0c\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800cAlbert Ellis\u4ee5\u53caAaron T. Beck\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0cAlbert\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(Cognitive-Based Psychology)\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7406\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u60c5\u7eea\u7597\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u626d\u66f2(Cognitive Distortion)\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6311\u6218\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u50cf\u201c\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u653e\u5927\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6b63\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u201d,\u66ff\u6362\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7528\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"\">\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30<\/li><li class=\"\">\u8ba4\u77e5\u91cd\u6784<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6280\u80fd\u4e60\u5f97<\/li><li class=\"\">\u5de9\u56fa\u6280\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/li><li class=\"\">\u666e\u9002\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u6301<\/li><li class=\"\">\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\u7684\u968f\u8bbf\u8bc4\u4f30<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6(Excesses)\u6216\u8005\u532e\u4e4f(Deficit)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u73b0\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684(Excesses)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u51cf\u5c11\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u73b0\u5bc6 \u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u524a\u51cf\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u4e60\u5f97\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u662f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u91cd\u6784\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u7f13\u548c\u751a\u81f3\u6cbb\u6108\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b(psychodynamic)\u7597\u6cd5\u5e76\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728L\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3aL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002L\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u5f53\u4e2d\u804a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u590d\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u800c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5e26\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u800c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u6784\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u786e\u800c\u53c8\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48L\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6307\u660e\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u8981\u597d\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7597\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e8eCBT\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u75c7\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u4e0a\u836f\u7269\u6709\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u8005\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002DSM-5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7597\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u7597\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u6211\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u79d1\u666e\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u66f4\u591a\u50cf\u662f\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u6599\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V. Jeste, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, David Fassler, Rcxser Peele, R. Scott Benson&#8230; Erik R. Vanderlip. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing: Washington, DC. London, England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David, G. Myers, Ann Heath, Dora Figueiredo, Trish Morgan, Christine Brune&#8230; Matthew McAdams. (2011). Myers&#8217; Psychology Second Edition for AP. Worth Publishers: NY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rothy\uff082020\uff0c8\u6708\uff09\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66-\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7bb1\u8bd5\u9a8c(Skinner&#8217;s Box)\u3002\u68c0\u81ea\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/126995823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/126995823<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Operant conditioning chamber. (2021, January 2). In <em>Wikipedia<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operant_conditioning_chamber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operant_conditioning_chamber<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy. (2021, January 21). In<em> Wikipedia<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy#History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy#History<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opponent Process Theory. (2017, September 27). <em>healthline<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/opponent-process-theory#applications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/opponent-process-theory#applications<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McLeod, S. A. (2018, May 21). Maslow&#8217;s hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/maslow.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/maslow.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c \u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u4e48\u95eeL\u3002 L\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6210\u763e\u6027\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u5f15\u5bfc\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u89c4\u5f8b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u665a\u7761\u665a\u8d77\u7684\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d \u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u804c\u4e1a\u73a9\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u662f\u5426\u8981\u628a\u6e38\u620f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d \u201c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6027\u683c\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u88ab\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f1a\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u201d \u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u52a0\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684L\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002 L\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u6211\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662fguardians\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u9f84\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u201d L\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9L\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728B\u7ad9\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52df\u6350\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u6837\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7aa5\u89c1\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d70\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9700\u6c42\u9003\u907f\u3002 \u201d \u4f5c\u8005\u6309\uff1a \u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8d8a\u6765\u6708\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5f53\u4eca\u5bf9\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u8131\u4e0d\u5f00\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u602a\u5708\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u8fb9\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u4e3a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u803d\u8bef\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u8bc9\u82e6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u603b\u662f\u73a9\u624b\u673a\u6253\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u95e8\u793e\u4ea4\u3002\u6839\u636e2016\u5e74\u592e\u5e7f\u7f51\u8bb0\u8005\u674e\u8c26\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7f51\u763e\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8d85\u8fc72400\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ba1\u5236\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u57282020\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u5ea6\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e2019\u5e7410\u670815\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6c89\u8ff7\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u624b\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u957f\u8f88\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u5360\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 \u800c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u957f\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5f80\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u6210\u763e\u6212\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u95f9\u51fa\u4e86\u6768\u6c38\u4fe1\u201d\u7535\u51fb\u201c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b11\u8bdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u201d\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c89\u8ff7\u6e38\u620f\u803d\u8bef\u5b66\u4e60\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u3002\u201c \u672c\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u63a2\u6708\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5468\u906d\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u53cb\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u4e89\u593a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6765\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u8def\u3002 \u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6e38\u620f\u5438\u5f15\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eceL\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5f53\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8131\u79bb\u56f0\u5883\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u201c \u5bc4\u5e0c\u4e8e\u524d\u8ff0\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u8981\u611f\u8c22L\u540c\u5b66\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fd9\u6837\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u518d\u540c\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u9e23\u8c22L\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u52a9\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002 \u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf \u5728\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63e3\u6d4b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a(Addictive Behavior)\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e(Game Addicted)\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u601d\u610f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u601d\u8003\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u753b\u50cf\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002 \u00b7 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\uff1f \u9996\u5148\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u6210\u763e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a\u201d\u6210\u763e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a(Biopsychosocial)\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4e0d\u987e\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d4c\u535a\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u201c \u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u662f\u548c\u836f\u7269\u6210\u763e\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u763e\u6027\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u6210\u763e\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u8d4c\u535a\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u836f\u7269\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6839\u636e2013\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c \u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u300b\uff08DSM-5)\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e&#8221;\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u7814\u7a76 (Condition for further Study)&#8220;\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u672c\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u73b0\u5728\u7b97\u4f5c\u201d\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72b6\u201c\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e86\u3002 \u5728DSM-5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u763e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u60a3\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a \u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6c89\u8ff7\u8005\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53bb\u60f3\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c40\u6e38\u620f\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u7684\u6e38\u620f \u5f53\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6212\u65ad\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6613\u6012\uff0c\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60c5\u7eea\u4f4e\u843d \u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a \u5931\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u5916\u7231\u597d\u7684\u5174\u8da3 \u6b3a\u9a97\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4 \u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u9003\u907f\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea \u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u5371\u53ca\u5230\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\uff09\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a DSM\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u5360\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u4e0a\u4e00\u628a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u6210\u763e\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u9677\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8010\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6(Tolerance)\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002&#8221;Tolerance&#8221;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u836f\u7269\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6211\u670d\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u5242\u91cf\u800c\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u201d\u5feb\u611f\u201c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u670d\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u201d\u968f\u7740\u6211\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d62\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u6216\u8005\u6311\u6218\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u201d\u800c\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u73a9\u5bb6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u3002 \u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5c31\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6108\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u8131\u8eab\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6362\u53d6\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u5f53\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6253\u6270\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u626b\u5174\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u7684\u6210\u763e\u5982\u679c\u5360\u7528\u6210\u763e\u8005\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u6240\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u803d\u8bef\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u793e\u4ea4\u3002 \u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u803d\u8bef\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u73a98\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5c31\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u82b1\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u4e3b\u64ad\u6216\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u6e38\u620f\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a8\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u559c\u6b22\u91cc\u9762\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728DSM-5\u4e2d\u8bca\u65ad\u6e38\u620f\u6210\u763e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u803d\u8bef\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\u201c \u4ee5\u53ca \u201d\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u968f\u65f6\u653e\u4e0b\u6e38\u620f\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1f\u201c \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201d\u5426\u201c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6e38\u620f\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u754c\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u763e\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002 \u00b7 \u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u6e38\u620f\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u5361\uff0c\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aboss\uff0c\u5f00\u5b9d\u7bb1\u51fa\u4e86\u4f20\u5947\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u540e\u6536\u83b7\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u90fd\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f60\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u3002 \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u6210\u763e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u8d8a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6109\u5feb\u548c\u5174\u594b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u786e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28(Neurotransmitter)\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u8dd1\u817f\u9001\u4fe1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u76f8\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u68a2(Axon terminal)\u5c31\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9699(Synaptic gap)\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u672b\u68a2(Receptor)\u6240\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5f53\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u672b\u68a2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a\u518d\u6444\u53d6(Reuptake)\u3002 \u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u672c\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5e76\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u53ea\u6709\u8ba9\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u90fd\u548c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u662f\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u5f53\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u4e5f\u770b\u505a\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5173\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7740\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5956\u52b1\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5c31\u5728\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff1a\u201d\u5bf9\u5bf9\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff01\u201c \u7136\u540e\u4f60\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u89d2\u8272\u6740\u6b7b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u5361\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u8282\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u8282\u8bfe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7136\u540e\u62ff\u5230\u8001\u5e08\uff08\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u7ea2\u82b1\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u53ef\u80fd\u85cf\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6362\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9\u4f60\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u8ba9\u4f60\u5b66\u4f1a\u6e38\u620f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u770b\u770b\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5c0f\u767d\u9f20\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0a\u763e\u7684\u3002 \u00b7 \u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7684\u7bb1\u5b50(Skinner&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-papers-from-advance-psycholgy-in-action-course"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=383"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":388,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions\/388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.moonshotacademy.cn\/daniel-yu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}